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Vue组件间怎么通信?本篇文章盘点Vue2和Vue3的10种组件通信方式,希望对大家有所帮助!
Vue中组件通信方式有很多,其中Vue2和Vue3实现起来也会有很多差异;本文将通过选项式API
组合式API
以及setup
三种不同实现方式全面介绍Vue2和Vue3的组件通信方式。其中将要实现的通信方式如下表所示。(学习视频分享:vue视频教程)
props是组件通信中最常用的通信方式之一。父组件通过v-bind传入,子组件通过props接收,下面是它的三种实现方式
选项式API//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import Child from './Child'export default { components:{ Child }, data() { return { parentMsg: '父组件信息' } }}</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{msg}} </div></template><script>export default { props:['msg']}</script>登录后复制组合式Api
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>登录后复制setup语法糖
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script setup>import { ref } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息')</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script setup>import { toRef, defineProps } from "vue";const props = defineProps(["msg"]);console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg')</script>登录后复制
注意
props中数据流是单项的,即子组件不可改变父组件传来的值
在组合式API中,如果想在子组件中用其它变量接收props的值时需要使用toRef将props中的属性转为响应式。
emit子组件可以通过emit发布一个事件并传递一些参数,父组件通过v-on进行这个事件的监听
选项式API//父组件<template> <div> <Child @sendMsg="getFromChild" /> </div></template><script>import Child from './Child'export default { components:{ Child }, methods: { getFromChild(val) { console.log(val) //我是子组件数据 } }}</script>// 子组件<template> <div> <button @click="sendFun">send</button> </div></template><script>export default { methods:{ sendFun(){ this.$emit('sendMsg','我是子组件数据') } }}</script>登录后复制组合式Api
//父组件<template> <div> <Child @sendMsg="getFromChild" /> </div></template><script>import Child from './Child'import { defineComponent } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ components: { Child }, setup() { const getFromChild = (val) => { console.log(val) //我是子组件数据 } return { getFromChild }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> <button @click="sendFun">send</button> </div></template><script>import { defineComponent } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ emits: ['sendMsg'], setup(props, ctx) { const sendFun = () => { ctx.emit('sendMsg', '我是子组件数据') } return { sendFun }; },});</script>登录后复制setup语法糖
//父组件<template> <div> <Child @sendMsg="getFromChild" /> </div></template><script setup>import Child from './Child'const getFromChild = (val) => { console.log(val) //我是子组件数据 }</script>//子组件<template> <div> <button @click="sendFun">send</button> </div></template><script setup>import { defineEmits } from "vue";const emits = defineEmits(['sendMsg'])const sendFun = () => { emits('sendMsg', '我是子组件数据')}</script>登录后复制attrs和listeners
子组件使用$attrs可以获得父组件除了props传递的属性和特性绑定属性 (class和 style)之外的所有属性。
子组件使用$listeners可以获得父组件(不含.native修饰器的)所有v-on事件监听器,在Vue3中已经不再使用;但是Vue3中的attrs不仅可以获得父组件传来的属性也可以获得父组件v-on事件监听器
选项式API//父组件<template> <div> <Child @parentFun="parentFun" :msg1="msg1" :msg2="msg2" /> </div></template><script>import Child from './Child'export default { components:{ Child }, data(){ return { msg1:'子组件msg1', msg2:'子组件msg2' } }, methods: { parentFun(val) { console.log(`父组件方法被调用,获得子组件传值:${val}`) } }}</script>//子组件<template> <div> <button @click="getParentFun">调用父组件方法</button> </div></template><script>export default { methods:{ getParentFun(){ this.$listeners.parentFun('我是子组件数据') } }, created(){ //获取父组件中所有绑定属性 console.log(this.$attrs) //{"msg1": "子组件msg1","msg2": "子组件msg2"} //获取父组件中所有绑定方法 console.log(this.$listeners) //{parentFun:f} }}</script>登录后复制组合式API
//父组件<template> <div> <Child @parentFun="parentFun" :msg1="msg1" :msg2="msg2" /> </div></template><script>import Child from './Child'import { defineComponent,ref } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ components: { Child }, setup() { const msg1 = ref('子组件msg1') const msg2 = ref('子组件msg2') const parentFun = (val) => { console.log(`父组件方法被调用,获得子组件传值:${val}`) } return { parentFun, msg1, msg2 }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> <button @click="getParentFun">调用父组件方法</button> </div></template><script>import { defineComponent } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ emits: ['sendMsg'], setup(props, ctx) { //获取父组件方法和事件 console.log(ctx.attrs) //Proxy {"msg1": "子组件msg1","msg2": "子组件msg2"} const getParentFun = () => { //调用父组件方法 ctx.attrs.onParentFun('我是子组件数据') } return { getParentFun }; },});</script>登录后复制setup语法糖
//父组件<template> <div> <Child @parentFun="parentFun" :msg1="msg1" :msg2="msg2" /> </div></template><script setup>import Child from './Child'import { ref } from "vue";const msg1 = ref('子组件msg1')const msg2 = ref('子组件msg2')const parentFun = (val) => { console.log(`父组件方法被调用,获得子组件传值:${val}`)}</script>//子组件<template> <div> <button @click="getParentFun">调用父组件方法</button> </div></template><script setup>import { useAttrs } from "vue";const attrs = useAttrs()//获取父组件方法和事件console.log(attrs) //Proxy {"msg1": "子组件msg1","msg2": "子组件msg2"}const getParentFun = () => { //调用父组件方法 attrs.onParentFun('我是子组件数据')}</script>登录后复制
注意
Vue3中使用attrs调用父组件方法时,方法前需要加上on;如parentFun->onParentFun
provide/injectprovide:是一个对象,或者是一个返回对象的函数。里面包含要给子孙后代属性
inject:一个字符串数组,或者是一个对象。获取父组件或更高层次的组件provide的值,既在任何后代组件都可以通过inject获得
选项式API//父组件<script>import Child from './Child'export default { components: { Child }, data() { return { msg1: '子组件msg1', msg2: '子组件msg2' } }, provide() { return { msg1: this.msg1, msg2: this.msg2 } }}</script>//子组件<script>export default { inject:['msg1','msg2'], created(){ //获取高层级提供的属性 console.log(this.msg1) //子组件msg1 console.log(this.msg2) //子组件msg2 }}</script>登录后复制组合式API
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>0登录后复制setup语法糖
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>1登录后复制
说明
provide/inject一般在深层组件嵌套中使用合适。一般在组件开发中用的居多。
parent/children$parent: 子组件获取父组件Vue实例,可以获取父组件的属性方法等
$children: 父组件获取子组件Vue实例,是一个数组,是直接儿子的集合,但并不保证子组件的顺序
Vue2//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>2登录后复制
注意父组件获取到的$children
并不是响应式的
$refs可以直接获取元素属性,同时也可以直接获取子组件实例
选项式API//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>3登录后复制组合式API
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>4登录后复制setup语法糖
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>5登录后复制
注意
通过ref获取子组件实例必须在页面挂载完成后才能获取。
在使用setup语法糖时候,子组件必须元素或方法暴露出去父组件才能获取到
EventBus/mitt兄弟组件通信可以通过一个事件中心EventBus实现,既新建一个Vue实例来进行事件的监听,触发和销毁。
在Vue3中没有了EventBus兄弟组件通信,但是现在有了一个替代的方案mitt.js
,原理还是 EventBus
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>6登录后复制组合式API
首先安装mitt
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>7登录后复制
然后像Vue2中bus.js
一样新建mitt.js
文件
mitt.js
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>8登录后复制
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script>import { ref,defineComponent } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'export default defineComponent({ components:{ Child }, setup() { const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script>import { defineComponent,toRef } from "vue";export default defineComponent({ props: ["msg"],// 如果这行不写,下面就接收不到 setup(props) { console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息 let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg') return { parentMsg }; },});</script>9登录后复制setup语法糖
//父组件<template> <div> <Child :msg="parentMsg" /> </div></template><script setup>import { ref } from 'vue'import Child from './Child.vue'const parentMsg = ref('父组件信息')</script>//子组件<template> <div> {{ parentMsg }} </div></template><script setup>import { toRef, defineProps } from "vue";const props = defineProps(["msg"]);console.log(props.msg) //父组件信息let parentMsg = toRef(props, 'msg')</script>0登录后复制写在最后
其实组件还可以借助Vuex或者Pinia状态管理工具进行通信(但是组件之间的通信一般不建议这样做,因为这样就会出现组件不能复用的问题)。对于Vuex和Pinia的用法大家可以参考这篇文章一文解析Pinia和Vuex
(学习视频分享:web前端开发、编程基础视频)
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